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Faces of the Court: The Supreme Court is currently made up of four liberal-leaning justices and four conservative-leaning justices. President Donald Trump has nominated Brett Kavanaugh, a conservative judge, to fill the ninth seat.
Collection of the Supreme Court of the United States
STANDARDS
Common Core: RH.6-8.1, RH.6-8.2, RH.6-8.3, RH.6-8.4, RH.6-8.7, RI.6-8.1, RI.6-8.2, RI.6-8.4, RI.6-8.8, SL.6-8.1, SL.6-8.4, W.6-8.2
C3 (D2/6-8): Civ.1, Civ.3, Civ.4
NCSS: Power, authority, and governance; Individuals, groups, and institutions
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Supreme Showdown
With the retirement of Supreme Court Justice Anthony Kennedy, the president’s pick to replace him has sparked a fight in the Senate
Alex Wong/Getty Images
Brett Kavanaugh
One of the most monumental duties that fall to the president of the United States is appointing justices to the Supreme Court. A president serves a maximum of eight years—if he or she is reelected. But the justices that presidents nominate to the Supreme Court can keep their jobs for life. Their decisions on whether laws are constitutional have a lasting impact on the country long after the president who put them forward for the job has left office.
Anthony Kennedy, a former justice on the nine-member court, served for 30 years before announcing his retirement this past summer. In July, President Donald Trump nominated Brett Kavanaugh, a conservative who is a federal judge from Washington, D.C., to replace Kennedy. It is Trump’s second Supreme Court nomination since he took office in 2017.
68% Percentage of Americans who view the Supreme Court favorably.
Although Kennedy, 82, is also a conservative, he was considered the swing vote on a court split between liberals and conservatives (see “Faces of the Court,” above). He sometimes sided with liberal justices in key cases, including those involving women’s health and the legalization of same-sex marriage.
Kavanaugh, 53, would likely vote more conservatively than Kennedy. That could change the balance of the Court—and potentially set the stage for the justices to overturn past decisions.
Now it’s up to the Senate on whether to confirm Kavanaugh. But with so much at stake, the process has set off a political battle between Democrats and Republicans over when to hold the vote.
Timing Matters!
To be confirmed, a Supreme Court nominee needs to win a majority of votes in the Senate.
Republicans currently control 51 seats in the 100-member chamber, which means they could confirm Kavanaugh without a single Democratic vote.
That’s why Democrats are pushing to delay the vote until after November’s midterm elections, when they could potentially gain control of the Senate. Republicans, meanwhile, want to vote on confirming Kavanaugh as soon as possible.
Trump’s Pick
Almost all Senate Republicans are expected to vote for Kavanaugh. A Yale Law School graduate, he served as a White House aide to President George W. Bush in the early 2000s.
OYEZ!
This word is shouted three times by the Court marshal at the beginning of each Supreme Court session. Pronounced oh-YAY, it means hear ye.
As a Supreme Court justice, Kavanaugh is expected to vote conservatively. Experts say he will likely interpret cases with an eye toward what the writers of the Constitution originally meant when they drafted the document in 1787. (Liberal justices tend to believe that the Constitution’s meaning must evolve as society changes.)
Next Steps
At press time, Senate Republicans planned to hold Kavanaugh’s confirmation vote by October 1—when the Supreme Court’s next session begins.
Meanwhile, Democrats were trying to delay the vote by demanding to review millions of records from Kavanaugh’s time working for President Bush. They say the documents are crucial to understanding how Kavanaugh would rule in cases.
But, regardless of when the vote takes place, something both political parties can agree on is how important any Supreme Court confirmation is to the country.
“It’s a historic decision,” Senator Dick Durbin of Illinois told reporters. “It’s about what country the United States of America is going to chart as its course.”
CONSTITUTION WEEK
For more on the three branches of government, click here.
Three Famous Supreme Court Rulings
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Brown v. Board of Education
In this 1954 case, the justices unanimously declared public school segregation—requiring black children and white children to attend separate schools—to be unconstitutional. It was a landmark victory in the struggle for civil rights.
Dennis Hallinan/Getty Images
Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
In 2010, the Court ruled 5-4 that spending for political campaigns is protected under the First Amendment. The ruling allows corporations to use unlimited amounts of money for—or against—political candidates.
Obergefell v. Hodges
This case (and similar cases) resulted in the justices ruling in 2015 that the Constitution guarantees a nationwide right to same-sex marriage. Under the 5-4 ruling, all 50 states are required to allow same-sex couples to wed.