Standards

Common Core: RH.6-8.1, RH.6-8.2, RH.6-8.6, RH.6-8.7, RI.6-8.3, RI.6-8.10, SL.6-8.1, SL.6-8.4

 

C3 (D2/6-8): Civ.6, Geo.2, Geo.5, Geo.7, His.1, His.2

 

NCSS: Global connections 

Enjoy this free article courtesy of Junior Scholastic, the Social Studies classroom magazine for grades 6–8.

China’s Time Crunch

China is the largest country in the world that runs on one time zone. Here’s how 1.4 billion Chinese keep up with the odd hours. 

Arthur Tilley/Getty Images

Communist ruler Mao Zedong reset China’s clocks to unify the nation.

In parts of China, the sun doesn’t rise until 10 a.m. Millions of people start work and school in the dark—and eat lunch at 4 p.m.

Why the weird schedule? Although China is roughly the same size as the United States, it operates in just one time zone: Beijing Standard Time. That means that when it’s 7 a.m. in Beijing, the nation’s capital, it’s also 7 a.m. 1,500 miles to the west—even though the moon is still out in cities such as Urumqi. 

China has run on this schedule since 1949—the year Mao Zedong came to power and established China as a Communist nation. To promote nationalism, Mao ordered that all of China, which then had five time zones, keep the same time.

WHY WE HAVE TIME ZONES

A country having its own time zone is not unheard of. In fact, even individual cities used to set their own clocks. But by the late 19th century, railroads in the U.S. had started making travel easier. Differing local times led to confusion for passengers and operators. So, in 1883, U.S. and Canadian railroads adopted a standardized system of time zones.

One year later, officials at a global conference in Washington, D.C., created a worldwide system of 24 standard time zones: one for each hour of the day. They designated the prime meridian (0° longitude) as the starting point for the zones. That imaginary line runs through Greenwich, England—a part of London. The time at the prime meridian is known as Coordinated Universal Time (UTC).

GOING IT ALONE

While most countries follow the standard time zone system, a few have reset their clocks for various reasons. In 2011, Samoa changed its time to make communication with nearby New Zealand easier. And in 2015, North Korea turned its clocks 30 minutes behind those of Japan to mark the 70th anniversary of Korea’s liberation from Japanese occupation.

Regardless of why a country changes its time zone, the move can still be frustrating for residents.

“It’s hard to adjust,” Gao Li, a sanitation worker in western China told reporters. “I often think we must be the only people who eat dinner at midnight.”

CORE QUESTION: What complications can arise when a country as large as China has only one time zone?

The World's Time Zone

This map shows the world’s 24 standard time zones. The top bar displays the time in each zone when it’s noon in London; the bottom bar shows how many hours to add or subtract from UTC* to calculate the time for that zone. The day changes when you cross the International Date Line (180° longitude).

Jim McMahon/Mapman®

MAP SKILLS

1. If it’s 1 p.m. in Los Angeles, what time is it in New York City? 

2. The International Date Line is based on which line of longitude?

3. When it’s 4:30 p.m. in India, what time is it in Afghanistan?

4. Beijing, China, is how many hours ahead of Moscow, Russia?

5. Which South American cities labeled on the map are in the same time zone as Greenland?

6. What time is it in Berlin, Germany, if it’s 2 a.m. in Denver?

7. If it’s 10 p.m. in South Africa, in which labeled city is it 8 p.m.?

8. A U.S. soldier stationed in Baghdad, Iraq, wants to call her son in Chicago at 9 a.m. his time. What time should she call?

9. Would a person traveling from Lima, Peru, to Cairo, Egypt, set his watch forward or back, and by how many hours?

10. If it’s 10:30 a.m. on a Monday in Mexico City, Mexico, what day and time is it in Tokyo, Japan?

Like what you see? Then you'll love Junior Scholastic, our Social Studies classroom magazine for grades 6–8.

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